El viaje por la Soberanía Alimentaria

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En nuestra estadía en la Granja Naturaleza Viva, en Guadalupe Norte (Provincia de Santa Fe), nos encontramos con Marcos Ezequiel Filardi. Marcos es Abogado, especialista en Derechos Humanos y Soberanía Alimentaria.  Actualmente, se encuentra viajando por toda la República Argentina con su proyecto “Viaje por la Soberanía Alimentaria”, el cual es un proyecto autogestivo y autofinanciado destinado a conocer cómo se producen, distribuyen y consumen los alimentos en todo nuestro país. El mismo pretende identificar y documentar las violaciones a los derechos humanos, en especial al derecho a la alimentación adecuada, que provoca el sistema alimentario hegemónico. Al mismo tiempo, su proyecto busca rescatar, visibilizar  y enlazar en red a los hombres y mujeres que luchan por la soberanía alimentaria a lo largo y a lo ancho del país, y que, con su esfuerzo, su sudor y sus diferentes luchas, nos demuestran a diario que otra forma de producir, distribuir y consumir alimentos en Argentina es necesaria y posible.

 

Así, después de recorrer juntos la granja, nos sentamos en los cañaverales y nos tomamos un momento para saber más de su viaje, sus actividades y sus visiones.

– ¿Quién sos y qué estás haciendo con este viaje por todo el país?

– Soy abogado y me especialice en derechos humanos y dentro de los derechos puse el foco en la alimentación adecuada como derecho humano. Desde el 2006 estoy trabajando sobre el derecho a alimentación y a la soberanía alimentaria. Integro las Cátedra Libres de Soberanía Alimentaria (CaLiSa) en las universidades públicas, en las cuales estamos dando a la discusión sobre el modelo alimentario, cuestionando el modelo basado en los agronegocios con todo el paquete tecnológico asociado, como la semilla genéticamente modificadas, el uso de agrotóxicos y vinculado también supermercadismo. Y por el contrario proponemos el modelo de la soberanía alimentaria. En este sentido abogamos por la agroecología, como forma de producción de los alimentos, abogamos por las cadenas cortas de comercialización que vinculan al productor con el consumidor como vehículo de distribución de los alimentamos y porque la alimentación no sea una mercancía más, librada a las reglas del mercado sino un derecho humano en virtud de lo cual el Estado debe garantizar disponibilidad, accesibilidad, adecuación y sustentantibilidad de esa alimentación. Cuando hablamos de la calidad hablamos de la adecuación, o sea que la alimentación sea cuantitativamente adecuada, cualitativamente adecuada y libre de sustancias nocivas y libre de sustancias que nos van a afectar a muestra salud. Y al mismo tiempo culturalmente adecuado que corresponda a las tradiciones culturales de las cuales somos parte los comensales.

Mientras realizo este viaje estoy conectado con el grupo de trabajo que está desarrollando el Mapa de la Soberanía Alimentaría con el objetivo de ser un aporte de la construcción de la red y poder visibilizar y enlazar en red a: todas las personas que vienen realizando producción agroecológica de los alimentos, pesca artesanal, pastoreo tradicional, todo lo que son mercados populares, ferias del productor al consumidor, casas de semillas y sistemas de comercio justo entro otros integrantes.

Todo esto con vistas al año que viene poder armar un informe completo sobre la soberanía alimentaria en el territorio argentino.

-¿Este viaje, cuándo comenzó y cuándo termina? ¿Y quién lo lleva a cabo?

-El viaje comenzó el 4 de enero y si todo sale bien termina el 24 de diciembre. Lo estoy haciendo yo solo pero con mucho apoyo solidario y moral de contactos de referencia de todos los integrantes de la red de las cátedras. Ellos me han ido aportando lugares para visitar y poder tener tal experiencia o tal otra. En algunos casos se suman otros colegas o colaboradores, como en este caso Gabriela Ferrer (abogada ambientalista) en esta visita a Naturaleza Viva.

-¿Qué has recorrido a la fecha?

-He recorrido las provincias de Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Río Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego, Neuquén, Mendoza, San Luis, Entre Ríos, Corrientes y Misiones. Actualmente estoy en Santa Fe y luego continúo por Chaco, Formosa y el resto del país.

-¿Al momento que conclusión preliminar tienes?

–A casi ocho meses por un lado digamos que las inquietudes que teníamos respecto de las consecuencias negativas del modelo dominante es que están muy presentes en el territorio. O sea, el drama del desplazamiento de los campesinos, de los pueblos originarios, la lucha por la tierra, el uso desquiciado de agrotóxicos en todas las producciones. Quizá teníamos el ojo puesto en la soja que tiene el sesenta por ciento del territorio cultivado pero uno encuentra lo mismo en el arroz, en el tomate, en el algodón, en el tabaco, en el morrón y en la producción frutícola. Es decir, hay un modelo de desarrollo alimentario que ve como pata indispensable el uso de agrotóxico y eso está generando un sinfín de afectaciones a la salud: siempre se encuentra una media mayor de cáncer, enfermedades degenerativas (Parkinson, Alzhéimer, Autismo), enfermedades de salud mental, trastornos conductuales, trastornos endócrinos, hormonales, labio leporino y malformaciones.

Por un lado, confirmamos que todo eso que se viene denunciado existe y es real y las consecuencias en los territorios son desastrosas. Al mismo tiempo, en ese escenario que parece sombrío veo una luz al final del camino que es, que encuentro muchas más experiencias de producción y distribución y consumo de alimentos alternativos a este modelo criminal, porque ya tengo la convicción de que este es un modelo directamente criminal. Que sobre todo son encaminadas por gente joven, gente que está yendo a los campos queriendo producir de otra manera y trabajar de otra manera, que se están organizando, que están defendiendo el ambiente, la salud y los territorios de otra manera. Entonces como me encuentro con mucho más de lo que pensé que me iba a encontrar ahí viene la esperanza y reafirmar la vocación de vincular en red a toda esta gente. Somos muchos los que estamos en esto, aún estamos dispersos librando naturalmente las batallas locales con las resistencias locales. Pero si uno continua el viaje, como le sucede a ustedes, uno se da cuenta que no somos tan pocos, simplemente tenemos que organizarnos y vincularnos mejor. Para que esto tenga un impacto aun mayor del que ya está teniendo.

-Digamos ¿A pesar de que estamos hundidos, la flotación tiene pendiente positiva?

-Sí, sin dudas a tal punto que parece hasta alocado el optimismo que tengo que este sistema…(lo hablamos cuando vino Vandana Shiva a Buenos Aires con el grupo de abogados) este sistema se cae solo, o sea el sistema dominante ya no ofrece respuestas a nadie, a los productores, a la sociedad, a los consumidores y cada vez está más cuestionado, está más a la defensiva. Y por el contrario, estos modelos se están replicando cada vez más, que son modelos sanos y dan trabajo digno a la gente, dan alimento sano para el pueblo. Entonces, hoy estoy alimentado de un optimismo que tarde o temprano vamos a ir marchando a esto que estamos construyendo.

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Desde el Proyecto Socioambiental Sin Alambrados, queremos felicitar en primera instancia la labor de Marcos y su compromiso con la causa por una alimentación verdadera que nos corresponde por naturaleza. Compartimos su trabajo para apoyar la creación de la Red por la Soberanía Alimentaría.

Marcos a su vez participa en forma activa y es parte  de varios grupos de trabajo los cuales detallamos a continuación y acompañan este viaje por la soberanía alimentaria:

  • Abogadxs en Red por la Soberanía Alimentaria

 

Los datos para contactarse con Marcos es a través de:

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